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Oracle Database
Developer(s)Oracle Corporation
Initial release1979; 40 years ago
Stable release
Written inAssembly language, C, C++[2]
TypeMulti-model database
LicenseProprietary[3]
Websiteoracle.com/database

Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is a proprietarymulti-model database[4] management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. The latest generation, Oracle Database 19c, is available on-prem, on-cloud, or in a hybrid-Cloud environment. 19c may also be deployed on Oracle Engineered Systems (e.g. Exadata) on-prem, on Oracle (public) cloud or (private) cloud at customer.[5] At Openworld 2017 in San Francisco, Executive Chairman of the Board and CTO, Larry Ellison announced the next database generation, Oracle Autonomous Database.[6]

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Oracle database download windows
  • 1History
  • 2Market position

History[edit]

Larry Ellison and his two friends and former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by Ampex.[7]

Releases and versions[edit]

Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The 'c' in the current release, Oracle Database 19c, stands for 'Cloud'. Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of 'g' and 'i' which stand for 'Grid' and 'Internet' respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. Note that there was no v1 of Oracle Database, as Larry Ellison, 'knew no one would want to buy version 1'.[8]Oracle's RDBMS release numbering has used the following codes:

Oracle
Database
Version
Initial
Release
Version
Initial
Release
Date
Terminal
Patchset
Version
Terminal
Patchset
Date
Marquee
Features
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle v22.31979First commercially available SQL-based RDBMS[9]
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle v33.1.31983Concurrency control, data distribution, and scalability
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle v44.1.4.019844.1.4.4Multiversion read consistency. First version available for MS-DOS.[10][11]
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle v55.0.22 (5.1.17)19855.1.22Support for client/server computing and distributed database systems. First version available for OS/2.[12]
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle v66.0.1719886.0.37Row-level locking, scalability, online backup and recovery, PL/SQL. First version available for Novell Netware 386.[13]
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle 6.26.2.0Oracle Parallel Server
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle77.0.12June 1992PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit, Shared Cursors, Cost Based Optimizer
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle 7.17.1.0May 1994Parallel SQL Execution
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle 7.27.2.0May 1995Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle 7.37.3.0February 19967.3.4Object-relational database
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle8 Database8.0.3June 19978.0.6Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.[14]
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle8i Database8.1.5.019988.1.7.4August 2000Native internet protocols and Java, Virtual Private Database
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle9i Database9.0.1.020019.0.1.5December 2003Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle XML DB
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle9i Database Release 29.2.0.120029.2.0.8April 2007Advanced Queuing, Data Mining, Streams, Logical Standby
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle Database 10g Release 110.1.0.2200310.1.0.5February 2006Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle Database 10g Release 210.2.0.1July 2005 [15]10.2.0.5April 2010Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data Encryption
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle Database 11g Release 111.1.0.6September 200711.1.0.7September 2008Active Data Guard, Secure Files, Exadata
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle Database 11g Release 211.2.0.1September 2009 [16]11.2.0.4August 2013Edition Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication, Database Appliance
Old version, no longer supported: Oracle Database 12c Release 112.1.0.1July 2013 [17]12.1.0.2July 2014Multitenant architecture, In-Memory Column Store, Native JSON, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service
Older version, yet still supported: Oracle Database 12c Release 212.2.0.1September 2016 (cloud)

March 2017 (on-prem)

Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer
Older version, yet still supported: Oracle Database 18c18.1.0[citation needed]February 2018 (cloud: 18.1.0)[citation needed]

July 2018 (on-prem: 18.3.0)[citation needed]

Polymorphic Table Functions, Active Directory Integration
Current stable version:Oracle Database 19c19.0.0February 2019 (Exadata)

April 2019 (Linux and other platforms)

June 2019 (cloud)

August 2019 (most recent patch set)[18]

Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index Creation, Real-Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-Memory for IoT Data Streams, and many more.
Old version
Latest version
Future release

The Oracle Database Administrators Guide includes a brief history on some of the key innovations introduced with each major release of Oracle Database.

Patch updates and security alerts[edit]

Oracle Corporation releases Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) or Security Patch Updates (SPUs)[19] and Security Alerts to close security vulnerabilities.

Market position[edit]

A 2016 Gartner report claimed to show Oracle holding #1 RDBMS market share worldwide based on the revenue share ahead of its four closest competitors – Microsoft, IBM, SAP and Teradata .[20][verification needed][clarification needed]

Competition[edit]

In the market for relational databases, Oracle Database competes against commercial products such as IBM's DB2 UDB and Microsoft SQL Server. Oracle and IBM tend to battle for the mid-range database market on Unix and Linux platforms, while Microsoft dominates the mid-range database market on Microsoft Windows platforms. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories (for example: WebSphere, PeopleSoft, and Siebel SystemsCRM), and IBM's hardware divisions work closely[citation needed] with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies (for example, Linux on z Systems). Niche commercial competitors include Teradata (in data warehousing and business intelligence), Software AG's ADABAS, Sybase, and IBM's Informix, among many others.

Increasingly, the Oracle database products compete against such open-source software relational database systems as PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Couchbase. Oracle acquired Innobase, supplier of the InnoDB codebase to MySQL, in part to compete better against open source alternatives, and acquired Sun Microsystems, owner of MySQL, in 2010. Database products licensed as open source are, by the legal terms of the Open Source Definition, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Giles, Dominic (13 February 2019). 'Oracle Database 19c : Now available on Oracle Exadata'. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  2. ^Lextrait, Vincent (March 2016). 'The Programming Languages Beacon, v16'. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  3. ^'OTN Standard License', Technical network, Oracle.
  4. ^'Multimodel Database with Oracle Database 12c Release 2'(PDF). Oracle. Archived(PDF) from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  5. ^'Exadata'(PDF), Technical network, Oracle.
  6. ^'Larry Ellison Introduces 'A Big Deal': The Oracle Autonomous Database'. Forbes. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  7. ^'Welcome to Larryland'. Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
  8. ^Julie Bort (29 September 2014). 'Larry Ellison Is A Billionaire Today Thanks To The CIA'. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  9. ^Departments of Informatics. 'Oracle V2'. Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics. University of Klagenfurt. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  10. ^Webster, Robin (13 November 1984). 'PC Relational Database? New Answer is Oracle'. PC Magazine. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  11. ^Gralike, Marco (4 April 2006). 'Back to the future (Oracle 4.1 VM appliance)'. amis.nl. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  12. ^Mace, Scott (30 January 1989). 'DOS Version of Professional Oracle 5.1B Adds SQL Report Writer'. InfoWorld. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  13. ^O'Brien, Timothy (29 April 1991). 'Oracle8 on Linux shows promise'. InfoWorld. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  14. ^Biggs, Maggie (5 October 1998). 'Oracle8 on Linux shows promise'. InfoWorld. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  15. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ^'Database Release Notes'. Oracle Help Center. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  19. ^Baransel, Emre (2013). Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide. Packt Publishing Ltd. ISBN9781849687911. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2014. You should not get confused between Critical Patch Update (CPU) and Security Patch Update (SPU) as CPU terminology has been changed to SPU from October 2012.
  20. ^'Login Page'. www.gartner.com. Retrieved 15 December 2017.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Loney, Kevin (17 December 2008). Oracle Database 11g The Complete Reference (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1368. ISBN978-0-07-159875-0. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2009.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oracle Database.
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Oracle database
Wikiversity has learning resources about Oracle Database
  • Overview provided by Oracle Corporation.
  • Oracle Licensing Knowledge Net.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Database&oldid=919718223'

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2.0)

Enterprise Edition

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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Description

1,580,194,397 bytes
1,183,299,689 bytes

Directions

  1. All files are in the .zip format.
  2. Download and unzip both files to the same directory.
  3. Installation guides and general Oracle Database 12c documentation are here.

Note:The base Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 Server and Client are certified on Microsoft Windows 10. Consult the release notes for more information. If you encounter an INS-30131 error during installation on Windows 10, use this workaround to resolve the issue.

Oracle Database Grid Infrastructure (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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571,746,998 bytes

Contains the Grid Infrastructure Software including Oracle Clusterware, Automated Storage Management (ASM), and ASM Cluster File System. Download and install prior to installing Oracle Real Application Clusters, Oracle Real Application Clusters One Node, or other application software in a Grid Environment

Oracle Database Global Service Manager (GSM/GDS) (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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Contains the Global Service Manager Software. Download and install as part of Global Data Services (GDS) deployment.

Oracle Database Gateways (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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Contains the Oracle Database Gateways to non-Oracle Databases. Download if you want to set up a heterogeneous data integration environment

Oracle Database Examples (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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Contains examples of how to use the Oracle Database. Download if you are new to Oracle and want to try some of the examples presented in the Documentation

Oracle Database Client (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64)

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Oracle Database Download 12c

Oracle Database Client (12.1.0.2.0) for Microsoft Windows (32-bit)

Oracle Database Download Setup

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Contains the Oracle Client Libraries for Windows. Download if you want the client libraries only

Oracle Fusion Middleware Web Tier Utilities 11g for Microsoft Windows (x64) ft Windows (32-bit)

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