Mar 27, 2013  Download r-project for free. A port of R-Project to Solaris platforms (x86, x8664 and UltraSPARC). Download and install the platform-specific version of Git (not GitHub). Now do some work in your new R project and create and save some files. The next step is to ‘commit’ your work – essentially making a copy of all of your script files (i.e.,.R files) associated with the R project. Download R Portable for free. R portable configures R to work with the PortableApps framework, so that R can be ran from a thumb drive or portable hard drive without leaving artifacts on the computer.

R
ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: Array, object-oriented, imperative, functional, procedural, reflective
Designed byRoss Ihaka and Robert Gentleman
DeveloperR Core Team[1]
First appearedAugust 1993; 26 years ago[2]
Stable release
3.6.1 ('Action of the Toes')[3] / July 5, 2019; 3 months ago
Typing disciplineDynamic
LicenseGNU GPL v2[4]
Filename extensions
Websitewww.r-project.org
Influenced by
  • Scheme[2]
Influenced
Julia[5]
  • R Programming at Wikibooks

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.[6] The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software[7] and data analysis.[8] Polls, data mining surveys, and studies of scholarly literature databases show substantial increases in popularity;[9] as of September 2019, R ranks 19th in the TIOBE index, a measure of popularity of programming languages.[10]

A GNU package,[11]source code for the R software environment is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself[12] and is freely available under the GNU General Public License. Pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems. Although R has a command line interface, there are several graphical user interfaces, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment.[13][14]

Windows and Mac users most likely want to download the precompiled binaries listed in the upper box, not the source code. The sources have to be compiled before you can use them. If you do not know what this means, you probably do not want to do it! The latest release (2018-07-02, Feather Spray) R-3. The R Project for Statistical Computing This program is a comprehensive set of interactive software for statistical computing and science. Builtin language is oriented programming object in front ends to several available interfaces, manuals, help pages full 2D and 3D rnews online newsletter, books and other publications, regular conferences.

  • 13Examples

History[edit]

R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics, inspired by Scheme.[15]S was created by John Chambers in 1976, while at Bell Labs. There are some important differences, but much of the code written for S runs unaltered.[16]

R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman[17] at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team (of which Chambers is a member).[18] R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S.[19] The project was conceived in 1992, with an initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version in 2000.[20][21][22]

Statistical features[edit]

R and its libraries implement a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and the R community is noted for its active contributions in terms of packages. Many of R's standard functions are written in R itself, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++, and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C, C++,[23]Java,[24].NET[25] or Python code to manipulate R objects directly.[26] R is highly extensible through the use of user-submitted packages for specific functions or specific areas of study. Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object-oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages. Extending R is also eased by its lexical scoping rules.[27]

Another strength of R is static graphics, which can produce publication-quality graphs, including mathematical symbols. Dynamic and interactive graphics are available through additional packages.[28]

R has Rd, its own LaTeX-like documentation format, which is used to supply comprehensive documentation, both online in a number of formats and in hard copy.[29]

Programming features[edit]

R is an interpreted language; users typically access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types 2+2 at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below:

This calculation is interpreted as the sum of two single-element vectors, resulting in a single-element vector. The prefix [1] indicates that the list of elements following it on the same line starts with the first element of the vector (a feature that is useful when the output extends over multiple lines).

Like other similar languages such as APL and MATLAB, R supports matrix arithmetic. R's data structures include vectors, matrices, arrays, data frames (similar to tables in a relational database) and lists.[30] Arrays are stored in column-major order.[31] R's extensible object system includes objects for (among others): regression models, time-series and geo-spatial coordinates. The scalar data type was never a data structure of R.[32] Instead, a scalar is represented as a vector with length one.[33]

Wlan drivers for windows 10. Many features of R derive from Scheme. R uses S-expressions to represent both data and code. Functions are first-class and can be manipulated in the same way as data objects, facilitating meta-programming, and allow multiple dispatch. Variables in R are lexically scoped and dynamically typed. Function arguments are passed by value, and are lazy—that is to say, they are only evaluated when they are used, not when the function is called.

R supports procedural programming with functions and, for some functions, object-oriented programming with generic functions. A generic function acts differently depending on the classes of arguments passed to it. In other words, the generic function dispatches the function (method) specific to that class of object. For example, R has a genericprint function that can print almost every class of object in R with a simple print(objectname) syntax.[34]

Although used mainly by statisticians and other practitioners requiring an environment for statistical computation and software development, R can also operate as a general matrix calculation toolbox – with performance benchmarks comparable to GNU Octave or MATLAB.[35]

Packages[edit]

R Sample Project Download

The capabilities of R are extended through user-created packages, which allow specialised statistical techniques, graphical devices, import/export capabilities, reporting tools (Rmarkdown, knitr, Sweave), etc. These packages are developed primarily in R, and sometimes in Java, C, C++, and Fortran.[citation needed] The R packaging system is also used by researchers to create compendia to organise research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and public archiving.[36]

A core set of packages is included with the installation of R, with more than 15,000 additional packages (as of September 2018) available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN),[37]Bioconductor, Omegahat,[38]GitHub, and other repositories.[39]

The 'Task Views' page (subject list) on the CRAN website[40] lists a wide range of tasks (in fields such as Finance, Genetics, High Performance Computing, Machine Learning, Medical Imaging, Social Sciences and Spatial Statistics) to which R has been applied and for which packages are available. R has also been identified by the FDA as suitable for interpreting data from clinical research.[41]

Other R package resources include Crantastic,[42] a community site for rating and reviewing all CRAN packages, and R-Forge,[43] a central platform for the collaborative development of R packages, R-related software, and projects. R-Forge also hosts many unpublished beta packages, and development versions of CRAN packages.

The Bioconductor project provides R packages for the analysis of genomic data. This includes object-oriented files at CRAN.[45] Some highlights are listed below for several major releases.

ReleaseDateDescription
0.16This is the last alpha version developed primarily by Ihaka and Gentleman. Much of the basic functionality from the 'White Book' (see S history) was implemented. The mailing lists commenced on April 1, 1997.
0.491997-04-23This is the oldest source release which is currently available on CRAN.[46] CRAN is started on this date, with 3 mirrors that initially hosted 12 packages.[47] Alpha versions of R for Microsoft Windows and the classic Mac OS are made available shortly after this version.[citation needed]
0.601997-12-05R becomes an official part of the GNU Project. The code is hosted and maintained on CVS.
0.65.11999-10-07First versions of update.packages and install.packages functions for downloading and installing packages from CRAN.[48]
1.02000-02-29Considered by its developers stable enough for production use.[49]
1.42001-12-19S4 methods are introduced and the first version for Mac OS X is made available soon after.
1.82003-10-08Introduced a flexible condition handling mechanism for signalling and handling condition objects.
2.02004-10-04Introduced lazy loading, which enables fast loading of data with minimal expense of system memory.
2.12005-04-18Support for UTF-8 encoding, and the beginnings of internationalization and localization for different languages.
2.112010-04-22Support for Windows 64 bit systems.
2.132011-04-14Adding a new compiler function that allows speeding up functions by converting them to byte-code.
2.142011-10-31Added mandatory namespaces for packages. Added a new parallel package.
2.152012-03-30New load balancing functions. Improved serialisation speed for long vectors.
3.02013-04-03Support for numeric index values 231 and larger on 64 bit systems.
3.42017-04-21Just-in-time compilation (JIT) of functions and loops to byte-code enabled by default.
3.52018-04-23Packages byte-compiled on installation by default. Compact internal representation of integer sequences. Added a new serialisation format to support compact internal representations.

Interfaces[edit]

The most specialized integrated development environment (IDE) for R is RStudio.[50] A similar development interface is R Tools for Visual Studio. Some generic IDEs like Eclipse,[51] also offer features to work with R.

Graphical user interfaces with more of a point-and-click approach include Rattle GUI, R Commander, and RKWard.

Some of the more common editors with varying levels of support for R include Emacs (Emacs Speaks Statistics), Vim (Nvim-R plugin[52]), Neovim (Nvim-R plugin[52]), Kate,[53]LyX,[54]Notepad++,[55]Visual Studio Code, WinEdt,[56] and Tinn-R.[57]

R functionality is accessible from several scripting languages such as Python,[58]Perl,[59]Ruby,[60]F#,[61] and Julia.[62] Interfaces to other, high-level programming languages, like Java[63] and .NET C#[64][65] are available as well.

Implementations[edit]

The main R implementation is written in R, C, and Fortran,[66] and there are several other implementations aimed at improving speed or increasing extensibility. A closely related implementation is pqR (pretty quick R) by Radford M. Neal with improved memory management and support for automatic multithreading. Renjin and FastR are Java implementations of R for use in a Java Virtual Machine. CXXR, rho, and Riposte[67] are implementations of R in C++. Renjin, Riposte, and pqR attempt to improve performance by using multiple processor cores and some form of deferred evaluation.[68] Most of these alternative implementations are experimental and incomplete, with relatively few users, compared to the main implementation maintained by the R Development Core Team.

TIBCO built a runtime engine called TERR, which is part of Spotfire.[69]

Microsoft R Open is a fully compatible R distribution with modifications for multi-threaded computations.[70]

R communities[edit]

R has local communities worldwide for users to network, share ideas, and learn.[71][72]

There is a growing number of R events bringing its users together, such as conferences (e.g. useR!, WhyR?, conectaR, SatRdays),[73][74] meetups,[75] as well as R-Ladies[76] groups that promote gender diversity.

useR! conferences[edit]

The official annual gathering of R users is called 'useR!'.[77] The first such event was useR! 2004 in May 2004, Vienna, Austria.[78] After skipping 2005, the useR! conference has been held annually, usually alternating between locations in Europe and North America.[79] Subsequent conferences have included:[77]

  • useR! 2006, Vienna, Austria
  • useR! 2007, Ames, Iowa, USA
  • useR! 2008, Dortmund, Germany
  • useR! 2009, Rennes, France
  • useR! 2010, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
  • useR! 2011, Coventry, United Kingdom
  • useR! 2012, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
  • useR! 2013, Albacete, Spain
  • useR! 2014, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • useR! 2015, Aalborg, Denmark
  • useR! 2016, Stanford, California, USA
  • useR! 2017, Brussels, Belgium
  • useR! 2018, Brisbane, Australia
  • useR! 2019, Toulouse, France

Future conferences planned are as follows:[77]

  • useR! 2020, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

The R Journal[edit]

The R Journal is the open access, refereed journal of the R project for statistical computing. It features short to medium length articles on the use and development of R, including packages, programming tips, CRAN news, and foundation news.

Comparison with SAS, SPSS, and Stata[edit]

R is comparable to popular commercial statistical packages such as SAS, SPSS, and Stata, but R is available to users at no charge under a free software license.[80]

In January 2009, the New York Times ran an article charting the growth of R, the reasons for its popularity among data scientists and the threat it poses to commercial statistical packages such as SAS.[81] In June 2017 data scientist Robert Muenchen published a more in-depth comparison between R and other software packages, 'The Popularity of Data Science Software'.[82]

Commercial support for R[edit]

Although R is an open-source project supported by the community developing it, some companies strive to provide commercial support and/or extensions for their customers. This section gives some examples of such companies.

In 2007, Richard Schultz, Martin Schultz, Steve Weston and Kirk Mettler founded Revolution Analytics to provide commercial support for Revolution R, their distribution of R, which also includes components developed by the company. Major additional components include: ParallelR, the R Productivity Environment IDE, RevoScaleR (for big data analysis), RevoDeployR, web services framework, and the ability for reading and writing data in the SAS file format.[83] Revolution Analytics also offer a distribution of R designed to comply with established IQ/OQ/PQ criteria which enables clients in the pharmaceutical sector to validate their installation of REvolution R.[84] In 2015, Microsoft Corporation completed the acquisition of Revolution Analytics.[85] and has since integrated the R programming language into SQL Server 2016, SQL Server 2017, Power BI, Azure SQL Database, Azure Cortana Intelligence, Microsoft R Server and Visual Studio 2017.[86]

In October 2011, Oracle announced the Big Data Appliance, which integrates R, Apache Hadoop, Oracle Linux, and a NoSQL database with Exadata hardware.[87] As of 2012, Oracle R Enterprise[88] became one of two components of the 'Oracle Advanced Analytics Option'[89] (alongside Oracle Data Mining).[citation needed]

IBM offers support for in-Hadoop execution of R,[90] and provides a programming model for massively parallel in-database analytics in R.[91]

Tibco offers a runtime-version R as a part of Spotfire.[92]

Mango offers a validation package for R, ValidR,[93][94] to make it compliant with drug approval agencies, like FDA. These agencies allow for the use of any statistical software in submissions, if only the software is validated, either by the vendor or sponsor itself.[95]

Examples[edit]

Basic syntax[edit]

The following examples illustrate the basic syntax of the language and use of the command-line interface.

In R, the generally preferred[96]assignment operator is an arrow made from two characters <-, although = can usually be used instead.[97]

Structure of a function[edit]

One of R’s strengths is the ease of creating new functions. Objects in the function body remain local to the function, and any data type may be returned.[98]Here is an example user-created function:

Mandelbrot set[edit]

Short R code calculating Mandelbrot set through the first 20 iterations of equation z = z2 + c plotted for different complex constants c. This example demonstrates:

  • use of community-developed external libraries (called packages), in this case caTools package
  • handling of complex numbers
  • multidimensional arrays of numbers used as basic data type, see variables C, Z and X.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Hornik, Kurt (26 November 2015). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.1 What is R?. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  2. ^ abIhaka, Ross (1998). R : Past and Future History(PDF) (Technical report). Statistics Department, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
  3. ^'The Comprehensive R Archive Network'. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  4. ^'R license'. r-project. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  5. ^'Introduction'. The Julia Manual. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  6. ^ R language and environment
    • Hornik, Kurt (4 October 2017). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.1 What is R?. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
    R Foundation
    • Hornik, Kurt (4 October 2017). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.13 What is the R Foundation?. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
    The R Core Team asks authors who use R in their data analysis to cite the software using:
    • R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
  7. ^ widely used
    • Fox, John & Andersen, Robert (January 2005). 'Using the R Statistical Computing Environment to Teach Social Statistics Courses'(PDF). Department of Sociology, McMaster University. Retrieved 6 August 2018.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
    • Vance, Ashlee (6 January 2009). 'Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power'. New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018. R is also the name of a popular programming language used by a growing number of data analysts inside corporations and academia. It is becoming their lingua franca..
  8. ^Vance, Ashlee (6 January 2009). 'Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power'. New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018. R is also the name of a popular programming language used by a growing number of data analysts inside corporations and academia. It is becoming their lingua franca..
  9. ^ R's popularity
    • David Smith (2012); R Tops Data Mining Software Poll, Java Developers Journal, May 31, 2012.
    • Karl Rexer, Heather Allen, & Paul Gearan (2011); 2011 Data Miner Survey Summary, presented at Predictive Analytics World, Oct. 2011.
    • Robert A. Muenchen (2012). 'The Popularity of Data Analysis Software'.
    • Tippmann, Sylvia (29 December 2014). 'Programming tools: Adventures with R'. Nature. 517: 109–110. doi:10.1038/517109a.
  10. ^'TIOBE Index - The Software Quality Company'. TIOBE. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  11. ^ GNU project
    • 'GNU R'. Free Software Foundation (FSF) Free Software Directory. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
    • R Project (n.d.). 'What is R?'. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
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  18. ^Thieme, Nick (August 2018). 'R generation'. Significance. 15 (4): 14–19. doi:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2018.01169.x.
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  23. ^Eddelbuettel, Dirk; Francois, Romain (2011). 'Rcpp: Seamless R and C++ Integration'. Journal of Statistical Software. 40 (8). doi:10.18637/jss.v040.i08.
  24. ^'nution-j2r: Java library to invoke R native functions'. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  25. ^ .NET Framework
    • 'Making GUIs using C# and R with the help of R.NET'. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
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  29. ^'Rd format'. hep.by. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
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  31. ^An Introduction to R, Section 5.1: Arrays. Retrieved in 2010-03 from https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.html#Arrays.
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  33. ^'Data structures · Advanced R.'adv-r.had.co.nz. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  34. ^R Core Team. 'Print Values'. R Documentation. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  35. ^'Speed comparison of various number crunching packages (version 2)'. SciView. 2003. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  36. ^Marwick, Ben; Boettiger, Carl; Mullen, Lincoln (26 August 2017). 'Packaging data analytical work reproducibly using R (and friends)'. PeerJ Preprints. doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.3192v1. ISSN2167-9843.
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  38. ^'Omegahat.net'. Omegahat.net. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  39. ^ packages available from repositories
    • Robert A. Muenchen (2012). 'The Popularity of Data Analysis Software'.
    • Tippmann, Sylvia (29 December 2014). 'Programming tools: Adventures with R'. Nature. 517: 109–110. doi:10.1038/517109a.
    • 'Search all R packages and function manuals Rdocumentation'. Rdocumentation. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
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  41. ^'FDA: R OK for drug trials'. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
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  68. ^Neal, Radford (25 July 2013). 'Deferred evaluation in Renjin, Riposte, and pqR'. Radford Neal's blog. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
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  81. ^ R as competition for commercial statistical packages
    • Vance, Ashlee (7 January 2009). 'Data Analysts Are Mesmerized by the Power of Program R: [Business/Financial Desk]'. The New York Times.
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  84. ^'Analyzing clinical trial data for FDA submissions with R'. Revolution Analytics. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  85. ^Sirosh, Joseph. 'Microsoft Closes Acquisition of Revolution Analytics'. blogs.technet.com. Microsoft. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  86. ^'Introducing R Tools for Visual Studio'. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  87. ^ Oracle Corporation's Big Data Appliance
    • Doug Henschen (2012); Oracle Makes Big Data Appliance Move With Cloudera, InformationWeek, January 10, 2012.
    • Jaikumar Vijayan (2012); Oracle's Big Data Appliance brings focus to bundled approach, ComputerWorld, January 11, 2012.
    • Timothy Prickett Morgan (2011); Oracle rolls its own NoSQL and Hadoop Oracle rolls its own NoSQL and Hadoop, The Register, October 3, 2011.
  88. ^Chris Kanaracus (2012); Oracle Stakes Claim in R With Advanced Analytics Launch, PC World, February 8, 2012.
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  93. ^'ValidR on Mango website'. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  94. ^Andy Nicholls at Mango Solutions. 'ValidR Enterprise: Developing an R Validation Framework'(PDF). Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  95. ^FDA. 'Statistical Software Clarifying Statement'(PDF). Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  96. ^ most used assignment operator in R is <-
    • R Development Core Team. 'Writing R Extensions'. Retrieved 11 September 2018. [..] we recommend the consistent use of the preferred assignment operator ‘<-’ (rather than ‘=’) for assignment.
    • 'Google's R Style Guide'. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
    • Wickham, Hadley. 'Style Guide'. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
    • Bengtsson, Henrik (January 2009). 'R Coding Conventions (RCC) – a draft'. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  97. ^R Development Core Team. 'Assignments with the = Operator'. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  98. ^Kabacoff, Robert (2012). 'Quick-R: User-Defined Functions'. statmethods.net. Retrieved 28 September 2018.

External links[edit]

  • Official website of the R project
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This collection of samples gets you started on R, R Tools for Visual Studio (RTVS), and Microsoft Machine Learning Server:

  1. Download the samples zip file and extract to a folder of your choice.

  2. Open examples/Examples.sln to see two folders in the project:

    • A First Look at R gives a gentle introduction for newcomers to R.
    • MRS and Machine Learning gives examples of how to use R and Microsoft Machine Learning Server for machine learning.

A First Look at R

This sample provides an in-depth introduction to R through the extensive comments in two source files. For the best experience, place the cursor at the top of the file and press Ctrl+Enter to send the code line-by-lie to the R Interactive window. (Lines that install packages might take a minute or two to complete.)

  • 1-Getting Started with R.R covers many R fundamentals including using packages, loading and analyzing data, and plotting.

  • 2-Introduction to ggplot2.R introduces the ggplot2 graphic package known for its visually appealing plots and simple syntax. This example visualizes earthquake data from Fiji.

Microsoft Machine Learning Server and Machine Learning

R Project Download For Windows

This collection of examples shows how to use R to create machine learning models and to take advantage of Microsoft Machine Learning Server.

As with all examples, open the file, place the cursor at the top, and then step through the code line by line with Ctrl+Enter. The markdown files in each folder also contain additional details.

  • Benchmarks runs a number of intensive, parallel linear algebra computations to show the performance gains that are possible through the use of Microsoft R Open and the Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL). With simulated data, the benchmarks specifically compare matrix calculations on one thread versus two.

  • Bike_Rental_Estimation_with_MRS creates a demand prediction model for bike rentals based on a historical data set, using Microsoft ML Server.

  • Data_Exploration contains three scripts:

    • Import Data from URL.R shows how to load a URL-identified data file into R.

    • Import Data from URL to xdf.R shows how to load a URL-identified data file into Microsoft ML Server as an xdf.

    • Compaq presario cq57 bluetooth driver. Using ggplot2.R is an extension of the A First Look at R/2-Introduction to ggplot2.R sample, giving a more extensive tour of ggplot2's functionality including interactive 3D plotting.

  • Datasets contains three .csv files used by other samples

  • Flight_Delays_Prediction_with_R and Flight_Delays_Prediction_with_MRS shows how to predict flight delays using R, machine learning, and historical on-time performance and weather data.

  • Machine learning contains three samples for learning to predict flight delays, housing prices, and bike rentals. Together, these samples demonstrate the application of R and Microsoft ML Server to real-world problems. They also show you how to use several popular machine learning models and deploy them as an Azure Web Service using an Azure Machine Learning workspace.

  • R_MRO_MRS_Comparison is a six-part comparison that shows the similarities and differences of R, Microsoft R Open and Microsoft ML Server with commands, syntax, constructs, and performance.

What's special about Microsoft R Open and Microsoft ML Server?

Microsoft R Open, Microsoft's distribution of R, is different from CRAN R in two important ways:

  1. Better computation performance when used with the Intel Math Kernel Libraries. The libraries are available as a free download from Microsoft for use with Microsoft R Open.

  2. Reproducible R Toolkit ensures that the libraries you used to build your R program are always available to others that want to reproduce your work.

Microsoft ML Server (MLS) is an extension of R that allows you to handle more data and handle it faster. It gives R two powerful capabilities:

  1. Larger data sets without RAM limitations. ML Server can process out-of-memory data from a variety of sources including Hadoop clusters, databases, and data warehouses.

  2. Parallel, multi-core processing. MLS can efficiently distribute computation across all the computational resources it has available. On your personal workstation or a remote cluster, MLS gets an answer faster.

R Project For Windows

The following comparison shows that MLS and MRO with MKL have significantly better computation performance related to certain matrix calculation than R and MRO without MKL. Simulated data is used in this calculation:

For a technical comparison of R with MRO and MLS, check out Lixun Zhang's detailed discussion on the topic.

R Project Download Linux

The following figure then compares elapsed time in seconds used in building Logistic Regression models to predict flight delays greater than 15 minutes. Elapsed time used in CRAN R increases dramatically when increasing a small number of rows, while MLS increases only by approximately two times. For details of this benchmark, check out the Benchmarks/rxGlm_benchmark.R example.